IAQ4EDU: Optimal ventilation strategies for balancing Indoor Air Quality, comfort and energy use in EDUcational Buildings

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Deliverables

Miao, S., Gangolells, M., Tejedor, B. A comprehensive assessment of indoor air quality and thermal comfort in educational buildings in the mediterranean climate. Indoor Air, 2023, 1–25, <https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6649829>

Other papers published in indexed journals and conferences

  • Miao, S., Gangolells, M., Tejedor, B. Data-driven model for predicting indoor air quality and thermal comfort levels in naturally ventilated educational buildings using easily accessible data for schools. Journal of Building Engineering, 2023, 10800, <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2023.108001>
  • Miao, S., Gangolells, M., Tejedor, B. Improving the thermal comfort model for students in naturally ventilated schools: insights from a holistic study in the Mediterranean climate. Building and Environment, 2024, 111622, < http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.111622>
  • Miao, S., Gangolells, M., Tejedor, B., Pujadas, P. Indoor air quality, thermal comfort and energy consumption tradeoff for educational buildings. Proceedings of the 26th International Congress on Project Management and Engineering,Terrassa, Spain, 5th-8th July 2022, 02, <http://dspace.aeipro.com/xmlui/handle/123456789/3141>
  • Gaspar, K., Gangolells, M., Casals, M., Ferré-Bigorra, J., Pujadas, P. Optimal ventilation strategies for balancing indoor air quality, comfort and energy use in educational buildings. the IAQ4EDU project. Proceedings of the European Conference on Computing in Construction, 2022, <https://ec-3.org/publications/conference/paper/?id=EC32022_151>
  • Gangolells, M., Miao, S. Optimització de la ventilació en escoles considerant la qualitat de l'aire interior, el comfort tèrmic i el consum energètic. X Congrés Nacional de Legionel·la i Qualitat Ambiental, Terrassa, Spain, 18th-19th April 2023, <https://futur.upc.edu/35728468>
  • Miao, S., Gangolells, M., Tejedor, B. A novel approach to calculate the mean thermal sensation vote for primary and secondary schools using Bayesian inference. Journal of Building Engineering, 2024, 111595, <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2024.111595>
  • Miao, S., Gangolells, M., Tejedor, B. Assessing the fluctuation of indoor thermal conditions in naturally ventilated classrooms through K-means clustering. Indoor Air, 2025, <https://doi.org/10.1155/ina/4453536>
  • Miao, S., Gangolells, M., Tejedor, B. Investigating students' subjective comfort with window-airing during the cold season: Thermal sensation, humidity, air movement, and perceived air quality. Building and Environment, 2025, 112988, <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.112988>
  • Miao, S., Gangolells, M., Tejedor, B. Validating single-sided natural ventilation models for educational buildings. Building and Environment, 2025, 113329, <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2025.113329>

Deliverables

  • D3.1 Identification and characterization of ventilation strategies in educational buildings

López, RD., Tugores, J., Pardo-Bosch, F. Ventilation systems and strategies in educational buildings: identification and characterization. Proceedings of the 27th International Congress on Project Management and Engineering, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain, 10th-13th July 2023, 05, <https://doi.org/10.61547/3470>

Deliverables

  • D4.1 Reduced order models for building ventilation

Tugores, J., Macarulla, M., Gangolells, M. Estimation of children’s CO2 generation rates in naturally ventilated educational buildings. Building and Environment, 2024, 111550, <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.111550>

Download IAQ4EDU application for an optimal natural ventilation in eductional buildings (NVOG)

⬇️ Catalan version          ⬇️ Spanish version          ⬇️ English version

  • D4.3 Optimization of ventilation system operation in educational buildings using reduced order models

Canals Casals, L., Alegria-Sala, A., Bonet, N., Macarulla, M. Educational environments’ energy demand optimization based on indoor CO2 concentration and temperature: together better than separately. Building and Environment, 2024, 112121, <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2024.112121>

  • D4.4 Methodology to estimate the potential energy flexibility of a building ventilation system during the design phase

Canals Casals, L., Alegría-Sala, A., Macarulla, M. Impact of including ventilation on the energy flexibility of educational buildings when optimizing energy consumption. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 2024, 1275, <https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-73921-7_33>

Other papers published in indexed journals and conferences

  • Gaspar, K., Gangolells, M., Casals, M., Pujadas, P., Forcada, N., Macarulla, M., Tejedor, B. Assessing the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on the energy consumption of university buildings. Energy and Buildings, 2022, 111783, <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2021.111783>
  • Barbero, M., Canals Casals, L., Colet-Subirachs, A., Salom, J., Corchero, C. Demand response approaches in a research project versus a real business. Sustainable Energy, Grids and Networks, 2023, 101090, <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.segan.2023.101090>
  • Tarragona, J., Gangolells, M., Casals, M. Model predictive control for managing indoor air quality levels in buildings. Energy Reports, 2024, 787, <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2024.06.053>
  • Maiques, M., Tarragona, J., Gangolells, M., Casals, M. Energy implications of meeting indoor air quality and thermal comfort standards in mediterranean schools using natural and mechanical ventilation strategies. Energy and Buildings, 2024, 115076, <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.115076>
  • Tugores, J., Macarulla, M., Gangolells, M., Casals, M. Modelling indoor air quality in schools using grey box models. Proceedings of the 2023 European Conference on Computing in Construction and the 40th International CIB W78 Conference, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, July 10th-12th 2023,  <https://ec-3.org/publications/conference/paper/?id=EC32023_167>
  • Tugores, J., Macarulla, M., Gangolells, M. Assessment of airborne infection risk in naturally ventilated environments. Journal of Building Engineering, 2024, 11716, <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2024.111716>
  • Tugores, J., Macarulla, M., Gangolells, M. Hybrid grey box modelling of indoor air quality and thermal dynamics in indoor environments. Energy and Buildings, 2025, 115528, <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.115528>

Deliverables

  • D5.1 HVAC-oriented overall risk score to optimize the HVAC system in an educational environment 

López, RD., Pardo-Bosch, F., Aidarov, S., Boix-Cots, D., Pujadas, P. A simplified classroom indoor air quality risk index: application in the mediterranean region to support the enhanced design of educational environments. Applied Sciences, 2025, 4003, <https://doi.org/10.3390/app15074033>

López, RD., Pujadas, P., Pardo-Bosch, F. Optimizing ventilation systems in Barcelona schools: An AHP-based assessment for improved indoor air quality and comfort. Applied Sciences, 2024, 11138, <https://doi.org/10.3390/app142311138>

Other papers published in indexed journals and conferences

  • Boix-Cots, D., Pardo-Bosch, F., Blanco, A., Aguado, A., Pujadas, P. A systematic review on MIVES: a sustainability-oriented multi-criteria decision-making method. Building and Environment, 2022,109515, <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.109515>
  • Boix-Cots, D., Pardo-Bosch, F., Pujadas, P. A systematic review on multi-criteria group decision-making methods based on weights: analysis and classification scheme. Information Fusion, 2023, 96, <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inffus.2023.03.004>
  • Boix-Cots, D., Pardo-Bosch, F., Pujadas, P. A hierarchical integration method under social constraints to maximize satisfaction in multiple criteria group decision making systems. Expert Systems with Applications, 2023,119471, <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2022.119471>

Deliverables

Exploitation results

  • DDM - Data-driven model for predicting indoor air quality and thermal comfort levels in naturally ventilated educational buildings, registered by SafeCreative Legaltech company with the reference number 2502200917631.

  • BI4TSV - Bayesian inference model for the determination of thermal sensation vote in educational buildings, software registered by SafeCreative Legaltech company with the reference number 2502200917563.

Download IAQ4EDU application to calculate the mean thermal sensation vote in eductional buildings (BI4TSV)

⬇️ English version

  • NVOG - Operational guide for maintaining good indoor air quality and thermal comfort with natural ventilation in educational buildings, software registered by SafeCreative Legaltech company with the reference number 2502200917662.

Download IAQ4EDU application for an optimal natural ventilation in eductional buildings (NVOG)

⬇️ Catalan version          ⬇️ Spanish version          ⬇️ English version

  • NVAPF - Natural ventilation rate estimation tool based on adaptive particle filter algorithm, registered by SafeCreative Legaltech company with the reference number 2504231552119.

  • NVR-PINN: Hybrid LSTM-PINN tool for estimating natural ventilation from CO2 data, registered by SafeCreative Legaltech company with the reference number 2505221810356.

Other papers published in indexed journals and conferences

  • Tugores, J., Gangolells, M. Herramientas para optimizar el confort térmico y la calidad del aire en escuelas. Resultados del proyecto IAQ4EDU. XI Congrés Nacional de Legionel·la i Qualitat Ambiental, Terrassa, Spain, 7th-8th May 2025, <accepted>